Materials for Constructing a Multi-Storey Bulding

Materials for Constructing a Multi-Story Bulding When managing a multi-story building it is imperative to get the correct materials as these materials will hold the structure together, the multi-story building itself is exceptionally enormous and will be continually being used as it is an inn so the structure will be exposed to various burdens and circumstances. Loadings on shafts, segments, casings, cushions and floors can cause numerous basic contrasts the carry on and execution of the material may change because of anxiety on them, the materials I am going to take a gander at are steel and cement, these materials are utilized all through the development business and loads on these materials are significant as though the material isn't capable and doesn't satisfy the need the bar, section, casing, cushion or floor could fall and cause numerous wounds and be a wellbeing and security peril so it is critical to utilize the materials in the correct manner. the two materials steel and cement have the favorable circumstances and burdens when utilized, when managing a multi-story building it is significant that the material can withstand the weight it is put under so it would not crumple or break, if this occurs the thump on impact would bring about the structure to fall and cause huge injurys to regular citizens inside and around the structure, to stop this the materials which are utilized and put under a subject of tests, for example, being compacted and extended quickly any shortcomings, for example, the material doesn't fulfill to the UK guideline would be out lined and changed or released from use nearby, this is additionally accomplished for wellbeing and security reasons. First taking a gander at solid it is utilized regularly through put development it is utilized because of its sturdiness and usefulness, to get to a serviceable blend the solid should be restored and administered first, it is significant that the solid addresses the issues this could be the solid is utilized to build a solid bar and this bar is put under a ton of burdens; along these lines the shaft would should have the option to get the heap and conveyed. Each material has Strength this is the capacity of the material to oppose the powers set up inside them by the applied burden, when a heap is applied development is made so subsequently Stability is required steadiness is the capacity of the structure to oppose in general development, any heap (power) will in general move to a descending heading for the material to keep to its state it ought to keep up a balance this is finished by the material opposing the equivalent and inverse power, any heap that is applied is known as a functioning power, this power can likewise be appropriated this is the point at which the heap is applied over full length or region of an auxiliary part this would be utilized in a cushion establishment, additionally different burdens might be called can be focused or point where the heap is put to a solitary point or over an extremely confined region this is utilized with combination of sections and bars. At the point when the heap is put to a material in a type of a bar, section, casing, cushion or floor the basic material might be influenced in the accompanying manners: Stretch called the ductile power, will in general stretch the material Pack called the compressive power , which will in general crush a material Shear power when the power makes one section slide past the other power which will in general make surfaces of a material slide. Torsional power makes the part bend In the event that the heap isn't conveyed this can bring about the shaft could shape breaks and breakdown because of the heap it is accepting this works in tight clamp versa if the pillar is being squashed for instance the structure could experience an earth tremor and the bar is being squashed the bar needs to withstand this to help keep the structure of the structure; so along these lines tests are made up, for example, a devastating test this is at the phase where the solid is being made/delivered (blending/restoring), the solid is blended and relieved (relieving can take weeks) contingent upon the proportion utilized in the blend, the devastating test is the blend is set into 3D squares and at various restoring stages, each 3D shape is put under a heap at which could be put on the multi-story structure, when the consequences of each block are gathered the outcomes are broke down and afterward a choice is made in which evaluation of cement to work with for the construct, the equat ion for the test is: These tests are made to discover of the: Shear powers Bowing second Diverted shape Responses at underpins As should be obvious from the model I have given over the long haul the crunching load has expanded, this shows the solid shape has gotten increasingly assorted in quality by consistently, from these devastating burdens the diverse solid level can be utilized at various focuses in development. Stress is inferred by separating the heap applied by the cross-sectional territory of the part Stress (f) = Load/Area = W/A= N/mm2 Strain is estimated by separating the adjustment long by the first length Strain = change long Unique length The reason for shafts, sections, casings, cushions and floors are to: Oppose loads forced upon it. Move burdens to the establishment. Give vertical and parallel steadiness to the structure. Oppose twisting. A Beam is a flat auxiliary part resting onâ twoâ or more backings. Pillars can be in numerous structures, for example, Simplyâ supported  where the pillar is laying on two backings. Fixed where the closures solidly implicit and don't move Cantilever  where one is  firmly worked in toward one side and the opposite end is free Constant  where the pillar is laying on at least three backings. A Column is a vertical basic part utilized in the development business to transmitâ imposed loadsâ to different individuals or to the establishment. Pressure, Tension and Shearâ At the point when the power on a basic part extends called the ductile power will in general stretch the material. At the point when a power squashes or packs the part, this is called compressive power , which will in general crush the material At the point when the power makes one section slide past the other power which will in general make surfaces of a material slide. This is known as a shear power Twisting, Buckling and Deflection this is generally basic in sections, segments are for the most part made of cement or steel because of their quality properties, lumber may likewise be utilized yet in the event that an enormous burden it put on the Colum clasping could happen (twist sideways).â A bar could be influenced by abandonment if an enormous burden is put on it, the shaft could be made of either steel or timber.â Aâ bending momentâ is happens when the material opposes a power this happens with pillars. concrete is a blend of concrete, fine total, course total and water when these are blended at a decent proportion to one another when set it will shape a hard strong mass or counterfeit stone, there is a standard which is utilized in development the more noteworthy the extent of concrete, the more grounded quality of the total , however the water content in the concrete is significant this procedure occurs in relieving the concrete over two or three weeks, as there is more water the concrete will most likely be unable to be at its full quality, because of the quality, usefulness and thickness of solid it tends to be handily made and people can make concrete with quite certain properties, subsequently this material is utilized distribute in structure and development where the production creates a blend when set cement delivered will have wanted properties required. The multi-story building is made of cement would comprise of: Chunks Sections Shear dividers Establishments Strengthened cement suspended floors Ribbed floors Empty pot floors Shafts Precast solid floors Concrete is anything but difficult to keep up, the first and up most significant activity is to permit legitimate restoring of the blend as this will permit greatest structure attributes of the solid blend to be accomplished, the solid when set can be canvassed in a water obstruction paint this will shield the set cement from water as water is cements most noticeably awful adversary; if water sits on the solid this can recolor the surface, permit breaks to frame and form spores to create making the solid elusive, this could cause significant imperfections in the development itself,â the most significant thing is to take a gander at temperature when managing concrete as concrete can grow and contract, which can drive splitting and leave the solid presented to expanded water interruption so if crakes do happen these ought to be filled in and managed straight away. Solid assists with limiting the measure of vitality that a structure expends and guarantee that the structure keeps up a d egree of warm solace that is proper for its tenants. Solid encourages structures to accomplish this, as a heavyweight material, solid goes about as a store (or cushion) during the warming season by using free warmth increases, cement would it be able to must be reestablished on the off chance that it is squashed down and smiled into sand. Steel is comprised of amalgam of iron and carbon, steel can be helpful to the business of development, it is utilized from defensive shoes to enormous shafts to little nails, the material is so adaptable because of its liquefying and qualities properties yet it is lightweight for simple taking care of this implies affordable delivery. Exact estimations can be taken significance exact cuts of steel can be made so less wastage is made, steel goes about as Great insurance against the most noticeably awful climate conditions, Installation is quick and basic, Steel is likewise recyclable so it is ecologically inviting the steel can be effortlessly malted down and re utilized for another reason, to keep up steel it would should be cleaned normally and checked for any thrashings, when utilizing steel in development it is critical to consider vitality proficiency; if an entire home was worked of steel it would be less vitality productive than a wooden house, protection would be expected to keep in heat this is on the grounds that metal exchanges warmth to a colder region more rapidly than wood now and again up to multiple times all the more quickly steel studs can make a warm extension to the outside of the hous

Slavery in the 1840s Essay Example for Free

Subjugation during the 1840s Essay Subjugation was constantly a disputable issue in America. Numerous individuals considered servitude to be a basic piece of life in each perspective, while others considered it to be indecent and a bad form to mankind. During the 1840s when Manifest Destiny began to flourish, things started to warm up. New regions implied an opportunities for another slave or free state in America. Since the new regions were permitted the privilege of famous power to decide if they would have slaves or not, abolitionists and non-abolitionists were at a consistent fight to increase another state. Abolitionists needed subjection reduced in America all together. They gave a few contentions to demonstrate their point on why subjection ought to be canceled. Right off the bat they expressed that subjugation was un-Christian. The book of Genesis expressed that man was made in the picture of God, so all men were made equivalent. Accordingly they asserted that anybody that claimed slaves would go directly to damnation for not holding fast to the principles of God that all were equivalent. Another contention they came about was from a devoted stance from which America was made. The Declaration of Independence expresses that all men are made equivalent, yet with servitude and an escape for opportunity in the country, it was effectively negated. All things considered, Abolitionists called subjection un-American. Another point made by the Abolitionists was that subjection gave boundless capacity to slave holders. They could treat slaves anyway they picked in light of the fact that there were no laws securing slaves. This is turn debased their virtues, as indicated by Abolitionists. In monetary perspectives, servitude was as yet merciless and fiendish to Abolitionists. They contended that free work would be progressively advantageous in light of the fact that it would rouse rivalry and remote ventures and that it would engage foreigners. Abolitionists additionally said that it meddled with free and open exchange toward the north, which were abolitionist subjection states and organizations. Another point made was that subjugation was politically perilous in light of the fact that there was constantly a probability that balms could revolt. A monstrous slave insubordination would prompt a racial war in the United States that nobody needed. While Abolitionists contended their focuses, Pro-bondage bunches gave excellent rejoinders. Monetarily they contended that the conclusion to bondage would slaughter the economy in the south. Without slaves in the fields gathering and thinking about the produce, everything would fall. Cotton, tobacco, and rice would all bomb in the economy and the south would be in monetary ruin. Another point professional servitude individuals contended was what might occur if slaves somehow managed to be without let. They expressed that in the event that they were liberated, joblessness would rise and there would be a plenitude of bedlam. The entirety of this would prompt uprisings and carnage. One more contention that the safeguards of subjugation utilized was affected with history. They asserted that subjugation had been a piece of history for such a long time and had become a characteristic condition of humanity. History indicated that Greeks, Romans, and English (as of not long ago) had slaves a nd as such it was a piece of human instinct. Professional servitude gatherings, similar to Abolitionists, likewise utilized religion and the good book as a contention. As indicated by the book of scriptures Abraham had slaves, Paul restored a flee slave in the New Testament, and Jesus never stood up against subjection however it was across the board. Likewise non-Abolitionists contended that slaves were better thought about contrasted with assembly line laborers in the North and the needy individuals of Europe. They showed that slave proprietors would ensure and help their slaves when they got wiped out or matured, dissimilar to other people who were left powerlessly to battle for themselves once they were terminated or discharged. The slave revolt of 1831 drove by Nat Turner gave genius subjugation bunches a lift in their contentions. It indicated that subjection ought to be kept on holding the slaves under tight restraints and watch out for them, to forestall whatever other clamorous occasions, which nobody looked for. As is appeared, servitude was a famous issue that couldn’t be disregarded and gradually spiraled wild. The issue truly began to turn crazy during the 1840s with new domains and the recovery of religion in the Second Great Awakening. The two Abolitionists and Pro-bondage bunches had contentions that caused a great deal of vulnerability all through the nation, and particularly in the new domains which were given the selection of slaves or no slaves. These contentions, issues and vulnerabilities that were across the board in the country were the fundamental reason for serious disunity between the North and South and in the end the Civil War.

Freuds Id, Ego, and Superego

Freud's Id, Ego, and Superego Theories Personality Psychology Print Freuds Id, Ego, and Superego By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD on September 28, 2019 More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Id Ego Superego Interactions Imbalance View All Back To Top According to  Sigmund Freud, human personality is complex and has more than a single component. In his famous  psychoanalytic theory of personality, personality is composed of three elements. These three elements of personalityâ€"known as the id, the ego, and the superegoâ€"work together to create complex human behaviors.?? Each component not only adds its own unique contribution to personality, but all three elements interact in ways that have a powerful influence on each individual. Each of these three elements of personality emerges at different points in life. According to Freuds theory, certain aspects of your personality are more primal and might pressure you to act upon your most basic urges. Other parts of your personality work to counteract these urges and strive to make you conform to the demands of reality.   Take a closer look at each of these key parts of the personality, how they work individually, and how they interact.  Verywell The Id The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth.This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes the instinctive and primitive behaviors.According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality.?? The id is driven by the  pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs.?? If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state anxiety or tension. For example, an increase in hunger or thirst should produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink. The id is very important early in life because it ensures that an infants needs are met. If the infant is hungry or uncomfortable, he or she will cry until the demands of the id are satisfied. Because young infants are ruled entirely by the id, there is no reasoning with them when these needs demand satisfaction. Imagine trying to convince a baby to wait until lunchtime to eat his meal. Instead, the id requires immediate satisfaction, and because the other components of personality are not yet present, the infant will cry until these needs are fulfilled. However, immediately fulfilling these needs is not always realistic or even possible. If we were ruled entirely by the pleasure principle, we might find ourselves grabbing the things that we want out of other peoples hands to satisfy our own cravings. This sort of behavior would be both disruptive and socially unacceptable. According to Freud, the id tries to resolve the tension created by the pleasure principle through the use of  primary process thinking??, which involves forming a mental image of the desired object as a way of satisfying the need. Although people eventually learn to control the id, this part of personality remains the same infantile, primal force all throughout life. It is the development of the ego and the superego that allows people to control the ids basic instincts and act in ways that are both realistic and socially acceptable. The Ego The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality.??According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world.??The ego functions in both the  conscious,  preconscious, and  unconscious  mind.?? The ego operates based on the  reality principle, which strives to satisfy the ids desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways. The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses. In many cases, the ids impulses can be satisfied through a process of  delayed gratificationâ€"the ego will eventually allow the behavior, but only in the appropriate time and place.?? Freud compared the id to a horse and the ego to the horses rider. The horse provides the power and motion, yet the rider provides direction and guidance. Without its rider, the horse may simply wander wherever it wished and do whatever it pleased. The rider instead gives the horse directions and commands to guide it in the direction he or she wishes to go. The ego also discharges tension created by unmet impulses through the us of  secondary process thinking, in which the ego tries to find an object in the real world that matches the mental image created by the ids primary process.?? For example, imagine that you are stuck in a long meeting at work. You find yourself growing increasingly hungry as the meeting drags on. While the id might compel you to jump up from your seat and rush to the break room for a snack, the ego guides you to sit quietly and wait for the meeting to end. Instead of acting upon the primal urges of the id, you spend the rest of the meeting imagining yourself eating a cheeseburger. Once the meeting is finally over, you can seek out the object you were imagining and satisfy the demands of the id in a realistic and appropriate manner. The Superego The last component of personality to develop is the superego. The superego is the aspect of personality that holds all of our internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and societyâ€"our sense of right and wrong.??The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at around age five. There are two parts of the superego: The ego ideal  includes the rules and standards for behaviors that the ego aspires to.??The conscience  includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and society. These behaviors are often forbidden and lead to bad consequences, punishments, or feelings of guilt and remorse.?? The superego acts to perfect and civilize our behavior. It works to suppress all unacceptable urges of the id and struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards rather that upon realistic principles. The superego is present in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The Interaction of the Id, Ego, and Superego When talking about the id, the ego, and the superego, it is important to remember that these are not three totally separate entities with clearly defined boundaries. These aspects of personality are dynamic and always interacting with a person to influence an individuals overall personality and behavior. With so many competing forces, it is easy to see how conflict might arise between the id, ego, and superego. Freud used the term  ego strength  to refer to the egos ability to function despite these dueling forces.?? A person with good ego strength is able to effectively manage these pressures, while those with too much or too little ego strength can become too unyielding or too disrupting. What Happens If There Is an Imbalance? According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the id, the ego, and the superego.?? If the ego is able to adequately moderate between the demands of reality, the id, and the superego, a healthy and well-adjusted personality emerges. Freud believed that an imbalance between these elements would lead to a maladaptive personality. An individual with an overly dominant id, for example, might become impulsive, uncontrollable, or even criminal. This individual acts upon his or her most basic urges with no concern for whether the behavior is appropriate, acceptable, or legal. An overly dominant superego, on the other hand, might lead to a personality that is extremely moralistic and judgmental. This person may be unable to accept anything or anyone that he or she perceives as bad or immoral. A Word From Verywell Freuds theory provides one conceptualization of how personality is structured and how these different elements of personality function. In Freuds view, a healthy personality results from a balance in the dynamic interaction of the id, ego, and superego. While the ego has a tough job to do, it does not have to act alone. Anxiety also plays a role in helping the ego mediate between the demands of the basic urges, moral values, and the real world. When you experience different types of anxiety, defense mechanisms may kick in to help defend the ego and reduce the anxiety you are feeling.

The Financial Crisis Of 2007 / 2008 Essay - 808 Words

The financial crisis of 2007/2008 had a negative impact on the UK economy, resulting in low growth and high level of unemployment while inflation constantly remained above the 2% target. In those extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE, 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciation of sterling, a tightening policy at that time would be a major mistake, that could lead to deflation and depression, rather than recovery and inflation around target (Fisher, 2014). Despite any effort pursued by monetary policy there was not only sign of the economic recovery. Moreover, the conditions deteriorated, with negative GDP figure, high level of unemployment and inflation rate remained above the target the economy was in recession. The conventional measures used by the MP C to stimulate economic growth proved to be inefficient, and the risk to fall into triple-dip recession remained. In order to provide additional stimulus into economy, the Bank had to make a decision on implementing unconventional measures. In January 2009, the Bank set up an Asset Purchase Facility to buy high-quality assets with the aim to improve liquidity and credit condition. The MPC purchased  £200 billion of financial assets during period between March and November 2009. Although GDP figureShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081389 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most devastating aspects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008 to middle-class America was the crash of the housing market. Millions of Americans were affected and faced foreclosures on homes that were purchased with subprime mortgages. The impact of these mortgages varied state to state. Nevada, one of the countries leading tourist destinations, led the market in foreclosure rates and housing appraisal drops. The government s false sense of security in regards to the economy and theRead More2007-2008 Financial Crisis1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 The Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008 Economists and scholars spend years dissecting financial markets and evaluating the causes of booms and busts. Throughout United States history there have been multiple economic booms that were underestimated and followed by recessions. In the situation of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis many culprits have been identified as causes, such as loose monetary policy, credit booms, deregulation, over complexity,Read MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008994 Words   |  4 Pages The subprime financial crisis of 2007-2008 was brought on by much more than unethical traders. 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The financial crisis of 2007–2008, also known as the Global Financial Crisis and 2008 financial crisis, is considered by some economists such as Nouriel Roubini, professor of economics and international business at New York University, Kenneth Rogoff, professor of economics and public policy at Harvard University, and Nariman Behravesh, chief economist and executive vice president for IHS Global Insight, to have been the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis of 2007-2008541 Words   |  2 PagesThe financial crisis of 2007-2008 had more sounding effects on financial institutions even greater than the crisis brought about by the stocks downfall in the 1990’s. The reason for this is that the financial institutions were at the centre of the whole crisis. And financial institutions being one of the key pillars in a country’s economy, the crisis was bound to have a big effect in US as a whole. 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In those extraordinary circumstances focus of monetary policy had to be on growth rather than reaching inflation target, resulting in gradual reduction of the Bank rate from 5.75% in middle of 2007 to its lowest level of 0.5% in the beginning of 2009 (BoE , 2014). Although, a low interest rate led to significant depreciationRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008 Essay2367 Words   |  10 PagesWhen discussing the financial crisis of 2007-2008, it is incredibly important to discuss the relevance of the government bailout and organized sale of Bear Stearns. There is a large amount of discussion behind whether or not Bear Stearns, a large investment based financial institution, should have been bailed out by the US government. The decision to bail out and have a government-orchestrated sale of Bear Stearns was an incredibly complicated situation to discuss and there are parts of which cannotRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continue d to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, andRead MoreEffects Of The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081763 Words   |  8 PagesFinancial crisis of 2007-2008 is widely considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1930s. The origin of this big storm dated back to the high home prices of the United States. After America’s entire investment banking system was attacked, many industries such as auto industry also went bankrupt. Unfortunately, it spread quickly to the whole world, causing huge damages to the global economy. Therefore, my study will focus on the effects of the financial crisis of 2007-2008

Terrorism An Imperative For Economic, Political And...

TERRORISM IN AFRICA; an Imperative for Economic, Political and Military Solutions. The bombings of the United States embassies in Tanzania and Kenya were marked indicators that Africa based terrorist groups were increasing threats to the interests of democratic societies in Africa those of all freedom loving societies the world over. Our policy makers have for long treated the Middle East and Asia as the main battlegrounds in the war on terror. Those regions have been joined by Africa in the aftermath of the Arab revolution which gave rise to regional instability. Could demographic, economic and/or religious forces be fuelling the growth of terrorism in Africa, particularly Nigeria? I would show that the current preferred†¦show more content†¦These groups include the pseudo-Christian ‘Lord’s Resistance Army’ in Uganda, the extremist Islamic ‘Boko Haram’ in Nigeria whose most prominent attacks involved the use of a car bomb to demolish a UN co mpound in 2011 and the kidnapping of hundreds of school girls from a school in northern Nigeria. In the ensuing period the group has killed hundreds of other Nigerians including security personnel as it attempts to impose Sharia law in the mainly Muslim northern part of Nigeria. In Somalia, there is the al-Shabaab militia which has carried out suicide bombings throughout the capital city of Mogadishu and in neighboring countries like Kenya and Uganda. There are the Islamist groups in Mali mostly composed of factions of al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM). AQIM conquered and governed a broad swath of northern Mali which it used as a base to plot attacks outside of the country’s border including the attack on the U.S. consulate in Benghazi, Libya and on the natural-gas facility in Algeria. Africans have been involved in terror plots in the continental United States an example of which is the militant who tried to bring down a Northwest Airlines flight on Christmas Day in 20 09. The scourge of religion based terrorism in Africa has some common threads running through the affected geographic areas. In Nigeria, which is split between a mainly Muslim North and a Christian and

The works and life of Archimedes Free Essays

The Great Mechantc Not much is known about Archimede’s life. He was born in Syracuse on the eastern coast of Sicily. His father was an astronomer named Feidias. We will write a custom essay sample on The works and life of Archimedes or any similar topic only for you Order Now His family was probably quite prosperous, despite many contrary beliefs and opinions,as he was accompanied by servants wherever he went and also travelled, which at that time was very costly. Unlike different spiritual men of his time,he did not travel to other countries, except one, and that the city of Alexandria in Egypt, where at the famous nstitution,Musaeum of Alexandria,he consorted with famous scientists like Conon the Samian,Dositheos,Eratosthenes of Cyrene and others with whom he kept regular contact with,by sending his work to them and asking for their opinion before it was published. The exact time of his stay in Alexandria can only be approximately identified,and that between 250-240 bc. During his stay he made a remarkable discovery:he invented the screw,a pumping machine,whose practical spread was so great that it was used throughout the known world,and is still used today for pumping liquids and other fossil elements . Basically Archimedes’s machine was a helical serface around an axis inside a tube. By rotation of the shaft this incredible invention could transfer water from a lower to a higher point. The first recorded use of such an object is in a text by Athenaeus of Naucratis,where he describes of an enormous ship that was designed by Archias of Corinth for the tyrant of Siracuse, Hiero ll. Since this was one of the biggest ships in its time it would be inevitable that it would take on water. Therefore, Archimedes’s screw was used to pump the water back into the sea. It is unclear whether or not Archimedes designed this pump for the use on the hip but it is widely thought that the great mathematician invented such a tool to help Egyptians maneuver water from lower land to higher for watering the fields. This invention has survived the winds of time and is still used today,most recently applyed at draining parts of land in the Netherlands that were underwater and also for stableizing the tower of Pisa in 2001. According to information from Arab sources noted by A. Favaro, Archimedes probably made another trip to Egypt, during which he designed and executed several projects on water management of the river Nile, projects which are reported by Arab uthors. Beyond these signs though,essentially we know that Archimedes travelled to Alexandria only once and no other time, since, according to all sources the greatest part of his life he spent in his hometown of Syracuse, where he came up with all his theoretical or mechanical discoveries. On the return to his homeland Archimedes made another very important discovery. Hiero wanted a golden crown to be made for him so he asked a goldsmith and gave him 772 grams of gold with a mandate to fulfill his wish. And so, the wasnt produced from Just gold but had another material inside. This is when Hiero,called Archimedes and asked him to examine the crown without deforming it and find out whether or not gold was the only element that assembled the crown. Archimedes tried for a long time, to solve the problem. Then finaly one day when he was bathing,probably in a barel,he realised the displacement of water when he entered the bath. ,That is when he realised this was directly proportional to the problem of the authenticity of the gold crown, Vitruvius states that Archimedes Jumped out of his bath and ran out shouting : â€Å"Eureka , eureka , † Basically,what is now known today as Archimedes’s Principle,states that the olume of displaced fluid is equal to the volume of the submerged object. ln more general terms an two objects with the same volume and same mass have different density between each other. Archimedes carried out his experiment by getting a scale and putting the crown on one end and the equivelent of gold on the other. Then when submerged in water if the crown is made of Just gold the scale would balance if not it would tip more towards either side. One of Archimedes’s more controversal discoveries is the harnis of sunlight into a heat ray using a solar mirror. Legend has it that that when Siracuse was under siege y the Romans the structure was used to burn the Romans ships. The solar mirror , was in fact not one mirror but many mirrors together,in which solar energy was accumulated and then converted into very high heat and when directed to a target,it would cause it to catch fire . Although there were historical references to the mechanism ,made by Plutarch , Lucian , Galen , Efstathios and evidence for the use of this weapon in one of the sieges of Constantinople, the existence of this mechanism was questioned by many, with Ren © Descartes being one of them and because of that,was regarded a myth . The fact that Archimedes had indeed discovered the properties of mirrors is demonstrated by a book by German professor Hop â€Å"History of Physics which states that in 1492 in Venice , the Greek professor George Vallas had in his library a book by Archimedes called ‘Mirror’ , but later lost. So, if Archimedes didn’t know enough information about mirrors and was not sure about putting them into practice , why would he write a whole book about it? Later researchers tried to make the experiment, using materials known in the time of Archimedes , but failed or succeeded partially. How to cite The works and life of Archimedes, Essays

Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Essay Example

Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt Paper Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt is an extended metaphor which is all about a deer hunt in which a hind is being chased by several riders. In this the riders represent young men and the hind represents a woman, probably Anne Boleyn. The title is repeated in the very first line of the sonnet, Whoso list to hunt, (whoever wants to pursuit) almost to make sure that you know exactly what the sonnet is going to be about. Its a statement/question which hooks the readers mind into wanting to know what the answer is going to be. In the very first line Wyatt introduces the reader to a metaphor used for the woman and those who want her, Whoso list to hunt, I know where is an hind. Here Wyatt is basically stating that whoever wants to hunt, I know where is an hind, (in western literature words such as hind metaphorically refer to beautiful women. ) This metaphor in the first line is the main metaphor which is extended throughout the sonnet. Also in the first line Wyatt uses alliteration, whoso hunt ind, by doing this Wyatt is already giving the reader the impression that the hunter/narrator is out of breath and tired. We then get proof of this when in line 3 the narrator is describing his efforts as hopeless and that he is exhausted, the vain travail hath wearied me so sore. This line is stating how he feels so sorry, for all his attempt were in vain to win her love and be united with her; now he is so wearied and sore. Also in this line he uses alliteration again, so, sore, this is making the reader sigh ag ain making it seem that the narrator is worn out. We will write a custom essay sample on Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Whoso list to hunt by Sir Thomas Wyatt specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Between line 4 and 6 the narrator mentions how he is one of the hunters (them) trying to win the ladys love, although he is falling behind the other hunters, I am of them farthest cometh behind. Wyatt uses alliteration again, may means my mind. In line 7 of the sonnet he mentions how the dear runs ahead, he begins to lose hope in managing to get her, he uses alliteration again here, fainting follow, this is making it seem that the narrator is weary as to whether or not he will be able to catch her or whether he should give up now. In the second half of line 7 he states hes given up, I leave off therefore as, in line 8, his struggles are similar to that of catching wind in a net, since in a net I seek to hold the wind. This metaphor illustrates the themes in the sonnet, unattainable love and an unobtainable goal. This first part of the Italian Petrarch sonnet is called the octave and is where Wyatt has presented the problem, the rhyming pattern which goes with this first half of the sonnet is ABBAABBA. The effect of using a Petrarchan sonnet is that it creates a pause in thought where the changed rhymes underline the way the poet has stated the problem then added the solution to the problem. The sonnet is then carried on to present the solution, the sestet, with a rhyming scheme of CDDCEE. In line 9 alliteration is visible again, whoso her hunt, again giving the impression the narrator is out of breath. In lines 9 and 10 the narrator goes on to say how the one who is trying to hunt the deer will, more than likely, end up like him and leave the hunt/give up. Wyatt states that, graven with diamonds in letters plain, diamonds are hard, precious stones meaning that the person who has caught her is very wealthy and that other hunters have lost the hunt. This carries on to line 12 where it states that, written her fair neck round about, this means that its around her neck and is visible for everyone to see. Wyatt then goes onto using a quotation in Latin from the Bible, Noli me tangere, meaning dont touch me. This is a warning to others, saying how they must stay away from her. The next part of that line states, for Caesars I am, this suggests that the person who caught her is of great importance in this sonnet Caesar is more than likely Henry VIII, however the name Caesar is used to allow Wyatt to publish it as Henry VIII was in charge at that time. The following line states, And wild for to hold, though I seem tame, this suggests that the deer herself declares that while she appears tame, holding her is dangerous, as she is in fact wild. She is stating that catching her may be because you believe her to be tame, but in reality having her is impractical. This line employs a paradox wild for to hold, though I seem to tame. There is a contradiction between words wild and tame. This paradox illustrates the attitude of the lady toward her lovers and how she neglects them. It also provides answer to the problem raised in octave. Diamonds are symbols of asset, and wealth; it makes clear two things. First, the lady is kings property and no one is allowed to covet her; second, the king is rich and already paid the price for her. Although this poem is an Italian Petrarchan sonnet it is also a metaphorical sonnet/extended metaphor as he is telling his story, how men are trying to have a lady who doesnt pay attention to them because she belongs to the king. The meter of this sonnet is iambic pentameter. The word choice, imaginary language, grammatical disorder techniques, alliteration that makes the sonnet more musical, and metaphors that are used in this sonnet, make it more expressive and rich. The poet utilized first person point of view, using the pronouns I and me. It has three major themes power and weakness, or ruler and subjects; unreachable goal; unobtainable love. In power and weakness the theme is about how the king can do and have whatever he wants and the subjects should obey without any complain. The next theme, unreachable goal, points out how man struggle to get to something unreachable although he knows he cant. The third theme, unobtainable love, shows the speaker is in love with a lady which is in king possession. The tone of this work is hopelessness. I think that by reading this sonnet the reader sympathizes with Wyatt and his unsuccessful and unreachable love, he is expressing his true love towards Anne Boleyn yet still didnt manage to catch her.

Essay Sample on E-Commerce Focus on the Core Elements

Essay Sample on E-Commerce Focus on the Core Elements Many factors contribute to a companys success or failure. Company is defined by more than just its product or service. An effective organisation has much strength in its favour to remain competitive. Factors such as: flexibility, creativity, openness to use of technology and innovations, a balance between core and context, communication across the organisation and talented employees are a must for competitive advantage (Wignaraja 2004). It is an organisations ability to adjust to changing times that creates a foundation for the public to admire. Integrity is crucial. Upholding the companys value system and word to the public remains a key facet for success. Building any strategy or campaign on this premise presents the best possible and true corporate image to the public and allows for a great amount of trust to form. This paper will explore the notion that an organisation has greater ability to focus on the core when it utilises available technologies and resources to handle its context. This may mean outsourcing some of their processes in order to gain greater optimisation. First, the organisation must have the ability to value technology and innovation. Todays telecommunication is a triumph for human ingenuity and spontaneous order. In some parts it embodies leading edge technology like Asynchronous Transfer Mode but really it is the use of new technologies combined with older ones that makes the Internet so fascinating and vital to business. Specifically the Internet ends distance limitations and it empowers individuals in important new ways to create new enterprise (Gasman 2005, p. 2). The Internet is relatively vast in its freedom. Unlike the traditional telephone, the Internet is not charged by the mile or any distance. This brings people together. With these technologies, makes outsourcing and seamless work flow possible (Grandt 2005). Once a company is able to focus on the core, more attention can be paid to what it values most. Literature suggests that in order to have a balance between context and core, values must stand out (Porter 1985 Bennis 1989). This paper will examine how technology allows an organisation to focus on valued core elements like leadership and communication both of which play a large role in how well technology works for the organisation. Without effective leadership and communication, the outsourcing and logistics that utilise technology would be a skeleton in function. Core values add the flesh, the culture that makes an organisation great. In recent years, the Internet Boom has taken over the way people see business being done. In fact, we live in a trailblazing time when everything about life is changing because of technology. Part of the job of focusing on core is to embrace technology at the core. Geoffrey Moore elaborates that in order to focus on core an organisation must differentiate as much as possible and to assign ones best resources to that challenge (2000, par. 3). This action, however, can be time consuming to take away from the core. In order to complete the task, one must understand the difference between core and context. Moore points out that many companies do not know what is important, only making share holder stock go higher. What is one organisations core may be anothers context (Rowley 2002). He also writes, core and context interoperate to create equality, and both are fundamental to every organisations effectiveness (2000, par. 6). Organisational success is about finding balance and in todays age of e-commerce and enterprise, it seems that it is expected that technology will aid in creating this balance. It is believed once the balance is achieved that one can focus on the core including continued maintenance of the balance between context and core. By challenging certain tasks to technology and outsourcing, an organisation can focus on elements of competitive advantage like leadership and communication. Below will be examples of how Countrywide Financial Corporation and other entities like Global Home Loans achieve this balance through technology and data re-sourcing allowing management to focus on its culture and employee growth. As the act of doing business becomes more innovative due to new technologies and high levels of communication, it is surprising that doing business become more complicated and expensive. Is it the factor of elevated expectation and competition from global markets, it is a lack of understanding your own organisation and its cores? Angelo Mozilo believes that outsourcing creates room for improved focus upon core values and it is with the implementation of high speed communication and data systems that enables people to better interact with each other (2002, par. 3). It allows for context to be processed outside the core, only to return when needed. Outsourcing is much like a double-edged sword, it can be seen as a negative as much as a positive. Many believe that it is stealing from American jobs to use cheaper labour sources in countries like India. Timothy Smith surmises that outsourcing has three functions in making organisations more efficient, effective and reduces costs. O utsourcing enables organisations to reallocate resources (Smith 2001, par. 3). This in turn allows the organisation to spend less time on those tasks, saves it money in labour and location by changing focus from survival to enhancing competitive advantage. An organisation can only do this when it becomes people focused (Ahmed Sharma 2002). Exporting organisations are also seeking ways to lower costs while increasing customer service. A relatively new approach is supply chain management (SCM). Supply chain management differs from traditional materials and manufacturing control in several ways (Burn Hackney 2003). First, SCM views the supply chain as a single process. Second, SCM requires strategic decision-making due to its impact on overall costs and market share. Third, supply chain management regards inventories as a mechanism of last resort. Finally, it requires an integrated approach to systems. Integration results in reduced inventory and significant cost benefits (Trunick 2005). The success of SCM usually involves implementation of an information management system. Still the model is evolving to include new innovations being used as tools. The Amorphous type of chain changes as the company introduces new strategies. This type of model best reflects the continuous flow of ideas and possibilities within the e-commerce construct or Internet medium specifically. It helps anticipate future occurrences. This aids a company’s tracking of Internet use especially when applied to advertising and promotions, as it is known the number of businesses utilising the Internet for e-business purposes was significantly low at 28% though an further 33% were actively considering the implementation (Ritchie Brindley 2002, p. 2). The function of procurement within the logistics process is moving to a new plane of sophistication due to new technologies to make the job simpler. Much of it is moving to the platform of the Internet to maximise efficiency and productivity. E-Procurement is now moving from easy-to-automate tasks like invoicing generations to more complex concerns such a E-marketplace implementation, operation and electronic collaboration. Literature suggests that currently focus in on technologies that support E-procurement of direct goods that are mission critical. Also because raw materials that go into production of the finished product many account for 80 percent of a companys expenses, the saving derived from implementing E-procurement is compelling (Thierauf Hoctor 2003, p. 250). In other words, E-procurement technology offers lower purchase prices to faster fulfilment cycles as well as lower administrative overhead to better control. As a result, companies realise broad, measurable benefits from the implementation of E-procurement. Companies stand to gain even more impressive results from coming generations of the technology that includes connecting to trading exchange with their own industries. This also enables a customer better informed purchases as a company learns to manage production on a daily basi s. This means the capability for the supply chain to extend beyond customers and suppliers improves. This also improves the ability for the company to communicate with the customer and the supplier. This leads to new ideas and knowledge about the process as companies and suppliers work in a join environment. Sometimes organisations look to sourcing inventory as a way to cut costs and speed up the process. GHL will find that by using the Internet as e-strategy that they can achieve multitasking on new levels, allowing for many lines of communication as once. The Internet will allow GHL to tap into a bigger supply base to ensure dependable supply and backup sources. This in turn will reduce the amount it takes to secure shipment of new products. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are particularly valuable in new product introduction because it acts as a means of sharing information. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are software packages that attempt to integrate the information flow within a company, solving the problem of incompatibility between systems and operating practices. The ERP system will streamline the GHL’s data flows and provide management with direct access to a wealth of real-time information. This is facilitated by the used of database techno logies which will link applications together and pass relevant data between them as necessary. Any new information added to one of the system updates the other systems automatically, thus creating complete integration between them (Soh 2002 and Grandt 2005). Directory services and middle ware are used in order to connect the applications and provide an infrastructure for users to communicate with each other and connect to the sources of information. There are many benefits and drawbacks to using this method of data transportation. It is important to analyse rather not this will be good fit for a company like GHL. A key difficulty is that departments distrust the information provided by another department, be it via an information system or some other mechanism. Therefore checking and cleaning the data should be made an integral part of the implementation (Bonner 2002, par. 5). If ERP is integrated with the organisations decision-making structure, ERP can begin to deliver busin ess benefits, impacting data delivery levels. Still its success can only be measured by the attitude of the user. Management is a highly contested area of theory and practice. Essentially, there is a difference between theory and practice (Boddy 2002). It can be easy to confuse the two concepts of management and leadership on an organizational level. In today’s company, the role of management also involves leadership within a team structure. Managers have the responsibility to set goals, maintain moral, aid in training and communicating corporate objectives. However, this does not mean a leader cannot be a subordinate. If a company is smart, it will encourage leadership by example across the board. This instils in the employee a sense of pride and motivates them to achieve goals. A good leader like Angelo Mozilo provides vision and clarity for the team of employees. Such a leader will be able to communicate and create a rapport with their team. This connection begins at a fundamental level of human sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner reflects, the ultima te impact of the leader depends most significantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences (1995 p. 14). By telling stories, allows for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the leader and makes them human. By opening the line of communication, gives the employee knowledge of their environment and develops trust. For managers who actively keep and open dialogue are putting their people first. They are more focused on nurturing and training. Research suggests leaders are more interested in mentoring and training their team rather than focusing on output of numbers or turn around time. This once again acts a mini-strategy to manage communication within the team. This development in team building allows for providing people opportunities to learn from their work rather than taking them away from their work to learn (Hughes 2004, p. 4). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. Still one cannot ignore times of fear. Management sometimes creates fear on purpose or misuses it to work employees harder. This does not create positive outcomes but promotes conflict and an unstable team (Demb 2004). In other words, creates dysfunctional dialogue and a lack of communication. It is clear for management to be successful, it must communicate its vision but also create positive reinforcement. Once key members understand people’s needs, then action can be taken to improve management’s role. Only then will a leader be taken seriously. Recognising positive traits in a team member builds trust, integrity and also meets an important need while building a team. Communicating these facts actively also keeps open the dialogue and in turn, makes people more comfortable and management less unapproachable (Stowell 2005). The leader’s role is to sell the idea of commitment within a culture even if conflict exists. Robbins defines conflict as being a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that the first party cares about (2002, p.384). The traditional school of thought believes that conflict should be avoided at costs where as a modern way of thinking takes into account human relations and how human relations form over time within the organizational construct. With conflict comes the chance communication between employees will become more difficult or fail completely. Every person behaves differently when presented with conflict and the response can create dysfunctional situations. This dysfunction can hinder group performance and make everyday details difficult to see (Demb 2004). Communication can lead to misunderstanding but so does lack of action. Sometimes it is not evident that taking action could have changed the outcome. What is important to an organization is that they follow through with every possibility (Miller Whitney 1999). This is where employees pick up on non-verbal communications from management. If a leader appears not to be concerned, then more than likely the team members will not be either. Internal cues, both verbal and non-verbal are extremely important to not only success but just day-to-day functioning. In order to avoid a complete break down in communication, one recommendation is to institute effective, reliable leadership because that will build trust and communicate skills (Stowell, 2005). First leadership must be put in place then a change of policy can be put into place. There must be consistency with the chain of command where both the product and the use of the product are concerned. Everyone must have the same percep tion of the organisations objective. Everyone within the organization must be on the same page. If new information should become available, there must be a policy in place where employees do not fear speaking up or sharing this information. It must be openly communicated across the board. By having a trusting, open door policy with people creates an atmosphere of safety where communication can take place. It is only when people fear retaliation or negative outcomes, that they keep important facts to themselves. Even those who did stand up are labelled whistle-blowers and this has a negative dysfunctional outcome. So it is important for the health maintenance of the organisation to implement a policy of open communication where everyone stays on the same page. Also another idea is to have a program of due diligence where people back each other up and support each other through periods of conflict (Body 2002). This will enable teams to have not just one chain but multiple cha ins of communications where information is double-checked and triple checked before put into use. This will ensure that any new issues or mistakes are found and addressed before they are put into real-world situations. This can also lead to teams thinking outside the box to create new innovative ideas to fix the problems. By building this type of culture, allows the organisation to maintain a high level of integrity with the public but to also remain competitive within the market. Competition is brutal and the market continues to shrink due to communication technologies. It is important in leadership to embrace change and stick to a vision. By having leadership skills one can recogise the physical and mental signs of our feelings/emotions before we can act on them meaningfully and constructively (Eby Ruin 2004, par. 20). It is by recognising these attributes that one can build an effective team structure. A leader acts as a coach to not only reinforce the game plan with directions but also encourage creativity, new ideas and acquiring new skills. This paper explored the notion that an organisation has greater ability to focus on the core when it utilises available technologies and resources to handle its context. This paper examined how technology allows an organisation to focus on valued core elements like leadership and communication both of which play a large role in how well technology works for the organisation. Without effective leadership and com munication, the outsourcing and logistics that utilise technology would be a skeleton in function. Core values add the flesh, the culture that makes an organisation great.

Top tips for high-impact documents - Emphasis

Top tips for high-impact documents Top tips for high-impact documents Get your business writing noticed with these easy-to-follow tips. Start with the reader in mind Do they know much about the topic? Do they understand your jargon or acronyms? How important is this information to them? How interested are they in it? (Thats not the same thing.) Be sure of your core message before you start writing Imagine you are going on TV for a three-minute interview. Could you sum up the value of your topic in three minutes? Write yourself a short statement (fewer than 30 words) that you could use as a memory aid to help you sell your topic to the interviewer. Try using it to clarify your thoughts on the issue while speaking to a trusted colleague. This will all help you keep the main message in mind when youre doing the writing itself. Be sure to make your beginning memorable If you dont grab your reader at the beginning of the document, you are wasting your time. Getting a reader started is the most difficult part of writing, but there are techniques you can use. Try starting with a surprise statement for instance, or contrasting how things were in the recent past with how they are now (in two or three sentences). Go out with a bang Good endings are almost as important as good beginnings. The last thing you want to do is leave the reader with the impression that youve just run out of things to say. Useful techniques are: looking to the future, repeating a major issue or summarising. But be careful with the last one: keep that summary to two or three sentences. Keep it short and simple Write to express, not to impress. (No flowery language.) Good ideas come across much better in plain English. That means: write the person or subject before the verb. The company received the order is better than The order was received by the company. Make your sentence structure logical Say what the sentence is about straight away, before you add extra information. Say whats happening, before you say why. Use graphics where possible We all learn in different ways. Some people like written explanations, while others are more visual and prefer graphics and illustrations. Pictures are therefore a great way of drawing visual people into your document. (Be careful with clip art, though.) So use a graph rather than a table of data, for example. Stick to two fonts Use one serif font (eg Times) for the body text and one sans serif font (eg Arial) for headings and subheadings. E-mail Limit messages to one screen and use attachments for longer messages.

Key Points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Key Points - Essay Example Firstly, the article highlights that the financial distress impairs the ability of banks and other financial institutions to generate liquidity and thus, take a precautious approach to building risk profile of their loans. It becomes difficult for small businesses to get access to credit from these institutions which can be major contributors to the recovery of the US economy. Eichengreen (2011) is of the view that recent financial crisis is much more severe as compared to the Great Depression as it is likely to the growth rates of advanced economies as these economies are highly credit driven. Secondly, the article highlights that there is a little evidence from the Great Depression suggesting that the increase in the public debt in the form of higher budget deficit and government borrowing actually contributes to the slowdown in the investment. Although, it is argued that over public debt leads to change in tax policies, and higher interest rates making investments unattractive but the evidences from the Great Depression period suggest that after it the public debt increased by more than double however, the interest rates were not high. Thirdly, Eichengreen (2011) presented evidence from the Great Depression period that the slowdown in the economy actually created opportunities for businesses to take advantage from and reorganize themselves in a way that they are able to create more value in the period of recovery following the depressed conditions in the economy. However, one aspect of recovery that is more relevant to the recent crisis mentioned in the article is the slowdown in technology generation and implementation which can surely have greater implications for the current

Shakespeare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Shakespeare - Essay Example Shakespeare wrote the second series of history plays at the peak of his career, roughly around 1595-1599, covering the history from around 1398-1420. Although the events he writes about occurred around two centuries before his time, but Shakespeare expected his audience to be familiar with the characters and events he was describing. The rise and fall of kings and the battles between the houses were woven into the cultural fabric of England and formed and integral part of country's patriotic legends and national mythology. The specific details of important historical events have obscured with the passage of time and thus, the heroes and battles of an event are to a degree, cloaked in myth. The plays innovatively mix history and comedy, moving from lofty scenes of kings and battles to base scenes showing ruffians engaging in robberies and drinking. The strength of the plays is its remarkable richness, a variety of textures and a fascinatingly ambiguous take on history as well as on political motivation. Shakespeare drew on a number of sources for writing his history plays as he did in almost all of his work Since it is not possible to know Shakespeare's beliefs, attitude and the methodology he used in writing his plays, we can only hypothesize on the basis of his textual evidence regarding his authorial intentions and the underlying didactic message found in the second tetralogy

Technology - Robots Enlisted as Sodiers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Robots Enlisted as Sodiers "Attack, Attack" the soldier typed into the computer as quickly as he could. He types every little action he wants the robot to respond to, in this specialized computer made for the robot. He directs the robot through the territory, through rocks and potholes, avoiding hidden land mines. After spotting human figures on the screen, the robot informs the soldier of enemies lurking ahead. This all started in the summer of 2013, during the next World War (World War III). The United States were concerned about Korea's nuclear powers that they were using against the United States. During the years before this war had started, the U.S. military was working on creating a robot, fighting machine. This robot was designed to fight for the soldiers, which in return would allow the soldiers to be safe, and stay with their families instead of fighting on the front line. The training for soldiers was much different lately, instead of training them for combat and one-on-one fighting, they were trained using a computer. For hours on end they would learn the techniques of the military computers. These computers were what the robots ran off, what controlled their brains and their thinking. Every move was typed into the computer. It seemed so simple, but the soldiers still had to go through intensive training. Just as soldiers, these robots would fight the enemy; therefore, they needed a strategy and some idea of what the capabilities of the robot were. The robot was tiny and had two tracks similar to a snowmobile. It had a protective shield above, which blocked any sort of weapon that would be fired. Behind the shield, there was a camera about the size of a grown man's hand. This camera viewed all directions, in all lights. It had night vision, radar detection, and other military used items. The great thing about these robots was the fact that it could distinguish between enemy and our military. While detecting all these different commotions, it would detonate any land mines located ahead of the robot. It was the day, June 13, 2013, when the war seemed like it took a run for the better and a run for the worst for Korea's army. Each soldier sat in front a screen ready for the war of the United States army, while Korea's army was also ready for the battle against our robots. A young man named, Joe ages 18, and has been sitting patiently ready to trigger his robot. Technology - Robots Enlisted as Sodiers :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers Robots Enlisted as Sodiers "Attack, Attack" the soldier typed into the computer as quickly as he could. He types every little action he wants the robot to respond to, in this specialized computer made for the robot. He directs the robot through the territory, through rocks and potholes, avoiding hidden land mines. After spotting human figures on the screen, the robot informs the soldier of enemies lurking ahead. This all started in the summer of 2013, during the next World War (World War III). The United States were concerned about Korea's nuclear powers that they were using against the United States. During the years before this war had started, the U.S. military was working on creating a robot, fighting machine. This robot was designed to fight for the soldiers, which in return would allow the soldiers to be safe, and stay with their families instead of fighting on the front line. The training for soldiers was much different lately, instead of training them for combat and one-on-one fighting, they were trained using a computer. For hours on end they would learn the techniques of the military computers. These computers were what the robots ran off, what controlled their brains and their thinking. Every move was typed into the computer. It seemed so simple, but the soldiers still had to go through intensive training. Just as soldiers, these robots would fight the enemy; therefore, they needed a strategy and some idea of what the capabilities of the robot were. The robot was tiny and had two tracks similar to a snowmobile. It had a protective shield above, which blocked any sort of weapon that would be fired. Behind the shield, there was a camera about the size of a grown man's hand. This camera viewed all directions, in all lights. It had night vision, radar detection, and other military used items. The great thing about these robots was the fact that it could distinguish between enemy and our military. While detecting all these different commotions, it would detonate any land mines located ahead of the robot. It was the day, June 13, 2013, when the war seemed like it took a run for the better and a run for the worst for Korea's army. Each soldier sat in front a screen ready for the war of the United States army, while Korea's army was also ready for the battle against our robots. A young man named, Joe ages 18, and has been sitting patiently ready to trigger his robot.

Discussion As A Learning Strategy Education Essay

Askell-Willams and Lawson ( 2005 ) has carried out a sophisticated survey in teaching-learning treatment, they investigated the subject in different facet, and the overview below are concluded by positions of expertness in positions of psychological, sociological-constructivism and socio-linguists. There is a convincing ground that why treatment can function as instruction and larning intent. Dillon ( 1994 ) stated that treatment can profit in â€Å" apprehension of capable affair and declaration of issues related to the capable affair and its educational map ; personal growing ; and apprehension of the value of group contemplation and deliberation † . Discussion is besides a primary mechanism in pupils ‘ societal minutess. The treatment itself served as a cognition building procedure. Social minutess in schoolroom can promote pupil to set the cognition into â€Å" public sphere † , their logical thinking and understands can so be the augmented, examined, elaborated, critiqued and related to the apprehensions of other people. Tobin, Tippins, and Gallard ( 1994 ) besides stated that the function of treatment provided a perfect platform for pupils to interact. Group interaction can supply a background in which pupil can be negotiate differences of sentiment and seek understanding. It is more of import that pupil can bring forth inquiry and clear up apprehension of specific content. Peers interaction can develop their ability to talk out, fearless in order to take a proper base. Based on the societal cognitive position, discourse is besides a primary deliberation tool for cognitive development. Nuthall ( 1997 ) proposed that the possible benefit of discourse is â€Å" transactional relationship between socio-cultural experience and self-organizational activities of the head † . Such activities of the head are facilitated through treatment, Askell-Willams and Lawson showed us an illustration. If a pupil merely acquires cognition from a instructor, the pupil will merely integrate the â€Å" individual dependent position of the student-teacher relationship † . If, on the other manus, the pupil acquires the cognition in treatment in which different positions are described, explained and debated, the pupil ‘s representation of the scheme will integrate a â€Å" larger web of intertwined societal and logical relationships † . Such a web defines the dimensions of a mental infinite within which the pupil can research, interact with, and se ek out alternate beliefs, statements, and decisions. ( Nuthall, 1997, p. 743 )Problem rose from treatmentOf class utilizing treatment as a acquisition scheme is non suited in every state of affairs. Baxter, Woodward and Olson ( 2001 ) showed that larning through category treatment might non effectual for those â€Å" low-achieving † pupils, it is excessively hard for them to involved in the treatment often and they may non hold opportunity to talk out harmonizing to their shyness. Hollander ( 2002 ) besides noted that the organisation of effectual treatment at the single degree is non straightforward. Some pupil talk much while other negotiations small, the content of treatments can be awkward, there is no warrant that the treatment content will be â€Å" threaded in a coherent mode † and non all pupils might hold developed effectual accomplishment for part. It should besides be noted that, go forthing pupil discuss by their ain will non prosecuting an effectual treatment. Many pupils need specific direction in order to cognize how to inquire proper inquiries and give proper respond. Although the expertness may hold that treatment is a possible acquisition scheme for instruction, the cardinal shareholder is the scholar. If pupils ‘ cognition is non plenty to let them to do effectual usage of a treatment, merely like â€Å" how to move efficaciously † , â€Å" how to inquire proper inquiries â€Å" and â€Å" how to give proper respond † , in this state of affairs, the benefit of treatment as a acquisition attack are improbable to be survey.The value of coaction and treatment in larning scheme for Online acquisition EnvironmentJ. Clark / Stimulating coaction and treatment in online larning environments Internet and Higher Education 4 ( 2001 ) 119-124 From the above, we can see that how discussion benefit in pupils ‘ acquisition, here we will discourse the value of coaction and treatment in larning scheme for Online Learning Environments ( OLEs ) . Clark ( 2001 ) stated that although it is accomplishable that larning with pupil interaction ( inactive acquisition ) , active acquisition through interaction including â€Å" module playing as equals, ushers, and moderators † is by and large see more effectual and good suited to OLEs. Discussion is non like the traditional teacher talk method of instruction. Discussion and coaction increased pupils ‘ engagement in which engages pupils actively participated in the acquisition procedure comparison with the traditional teacher talk learning method, treatment are able promote the belonging of â€Å" pupils ‘ accomplishment and satisfaction † . ( Hiltz, 1998 ; Johnson, 1981 ) . † Clark stated that, although the pupil and teacher remained as a cardinal participant in the treatment as larning scheme, there are still some different between the traditional schoolroom and OLEs. The diagram stated below illustrated their different.Tradition ClassroomLecture TimeLecture clip is limited Online categories run 24 hr a twenty-four hours from the beginning to the terminal of the classClass BreakCasual conversations in the schoolroom will interrupt the order of the category Discussion forums have replaced the insouciant conversations in the schoolroom and have a lasting written logDiscussion qualityDiscussion in category are ever rapid and experimental Discussions are no longer rapid and experimental. The treatment tool can be good defined in order to ease pupils ‘ treatmentRespond TimeDiscussion in category are ever conduct spontaneously, pupil has no adequate clip to believe about the inquiry and make a proper respond Students have adequate clip to read other pupil ‘s remarks, do research, and explicate a elaborate responseStudent Secret DialoguesSecret pupil duologues are non easy gimmick during the category For the treatment room there are no concern about secret pupil duologues, all informations will be logged and all the interactivities can be trace out from logTime and Space LimitationStudents may non take part at any clip of the twenty-four hours ; the treatment is limited by the location and infinite. Students may take part at any clip of the twenty-four hours that suits them from work, place, or while going.Students ‘ MotivationThe treatment is Instructor mediated, teacher played an of import to actuate pupil to larn. The subject imposed by traditional fixed meeting times and topographic points with reminders of due day of the months is replaced by the demand that the pupils self-motivate and keep control of their parts and deadlines. Fig1. The different between traditional schoolroom and OLEs.The Shift of Face to Face treatment to Computer Mediated DiscussionFrom the last session, we can see that there is advantage of utilizing OLEs in treatment than traditional schoolroom. How about pupil? Do they besides want to utilize the electronic resources to larn and interact with each other? An and Frick ( 2006 )[ I ]found that pupil preferred to utilize computing machine mediated communicating ( CMC ) than face to face ( F2F ) as communicating media under certain status. Here are the grounds: Flexibility The location and clip become an independent variable in CMC such that pupil can execute treatment on web anyplace. Interactivity increased The flexibleness of digital acquisition platform besides contributed to the 2nd point, it will increase the interactivity between the pupils and every bit good as the Instructor. The learning manner of the pupils is therefore transform from independent larning to equals larning by the usage of computing machine AIDSs. Sutton ( 2001 )[ two ]( in An and Frick, 2006 ) suggested that CMC has caused the displacement from â€Å" correspondence acquisition † to â€Å" societal acquisition † . Berge ( 1995 )[ three ]( in An and Frick, 2006 ) has besides suggested the interaction among teachers, pupils, contents and interface have been â€Å" maximized † in the on-line treatment and therefore ease the constructive thought. Allow pupil to larn by their ain gait When comparison to F2F, CMC provide pupil more clip to react the inquiry. It allows pupil to analysis and reflect the inquiry with adequate clip so that they can compose thoughtful responds. Student can therefore larn by their ain extremum in CMC, they can besides take control to their acquisition and interact with the equal in order to construct cognition.Overview of the Discussion Tool – Synchronized and Asynchronous Discussion toolDiscussion is decidedly a common execution for Computer Mediate Communication. Generally, on-line treatment tool can split in to two types, they are synchronized and asynchronous treatment tool. And as educational platforms, the two distinguishable format of interaction impact otherwise. In this session, we are traveling to look into the pros and cons of these treatment tools in acquisition. What is asynchronous treatment tool? Harmonizing to Johnson ( 2006 ) , asynchronous direction â€Å" occurs in delayed clip and does non necessitate the coincident engagement of pupil and instructor † . The asynchronous direction was used in distance instruction in the early twelvemonth due to postal holds. The asynchronous voice conferencing are already proven utile in some instructional contexts, text-based asynchronous direction are besides widely used in the post-secondary instruction, it can besides be considered as asynchronous on-line treatment. Johnson stated that pedagogues has been look into the efficiency of asynchronous on-line treatment, they reported that it can â€Å" encouraging in-depth, more thoughtful treatment ; pass oning with temporally diverse pupils ; keeping on-going treatments where file awaying is required ; and leting all pupils to react to a subject † ( Branon & A ; Essex, 2001, p. 36 ) . There are besides possible restrictions of the asynchronous treatment room. Student may non look into the forum often, deficiency of self-generated feedback may take pupils experience isolated, it is necessary to pass more clip in the treatment in order to do it mature ( Branon & A ; Essex, 2001, p. 36 ) . All in all, Dede and Kremer ( 1999 ) conducted a study to look into the pupils ‘ penchants of asynchronous treatment tool. They found that the asynchronous treatment provided a more comprehensive interchange for them, but it required more clip and provided less societal interaction than synchronal confabs. What is synchronal treatment tool? Harmonizing to Johnson ( 2006 ) , â€Å" Synchronous direction occurs in existent clip and requires the coincident engagement of pupils and instructor † . The synchronal direction was used in the closed circuit telecasting on university campus in the early twelvemonth. Until 1980s, video-conferencing and synergistic telecasting connected distant schoolroom, in which, the synchronal treatment let pupil to inquire inquiry and execute interaction in spontaneously, the pedagogues start behavior survey how synchronal treatment tool aid pupil in acquisition. As you can see, synchronal communicating tools allow multiple users communicate with each other at the same clip utilizing text messages, study ( Branon & A ; Essex, 2001, p. 36 ) showed that synchronal confab tools are utile for â€Å" † keeping practical office hours, squad decision-making, and brainstorming, community edifice, and covering with proficient issues † . Spontaneous feedback can do pupil feel connected ; pupil will non experience isolated in this state of affairs, meanwhile, pupil are all actively take part in the treatment tool synchronously, non like asynchronous treatment tool, required pupil to login often to look into for update. But there are still restrictions for the synchronal treatment tool. It is hard to implement synchronal treatment tool comparison with asynchronous treatment tool. It is difficult to acquire pupils online at the same clip, and it is hard in manage large-scale conversation. Lack of contemplation clip for pupil and it is demanding for the hapless typist. ( Branon & A ; Essex, 2001, p. 36 ) Synchronous Versus asynchronous online treatment Educators are normally agreed the larning result of asynchronous on-line treatment room is better the face-to-face treatment. But the restrictions stated above ( isolation and often engagement ) deter them to utilize this mechanism entirely. There lead to the tendency of implementing synchronal confabs tool, it is because synchronal confabs can overrule those restriction, as it â€Å" efforts to emulates † face-to-face treatment. Using synchronal confabs non merely enhanced societal dealing but besides better pupil larning result. Johnson ( 2001 ) suggested the best methodological analysis is uniting the synchronal and asynchronous confabs tool in Online Learning Environment in order to acquire â€Å" higher degrees of pupil satisfaction and command of class demands than execution of either manner in isolation † . Johnson stated that there is a study supported pupil who ‘s used both treatment tools are most likely to accomplish the class demand because utilizing the both tools can maximise â€Å" personal battle in larning † .Review on bing systemInstructor Controlled Chat System ( ICCS ) ICCS ( Thirunarayanan, 2000 ) was proposed to allow the teacher involve into the pupil treatment, it can repair the job with chat confusion and convergence. He proposed two package sweetenings in order to accomplish the purpose: Instructor mediated confabs Teachers will hold two Windowss on their proctor, one is the pupil treatment window and the other is the teacher control window. Each message raised from the pupil will direct to the teacher window foremost earlier published to the other pupils, the teacher will take the relevant inquiry / response to print. Students are merely type and respond to the inquiry until the teacher sends the message to the pupil window Instructor intimations before the confab subdivision The 2nd point is to salvage short remarks ; inquiries and statement in the database before the confab session Begin. Once the pupil is deficiency of thought, the teacher can do usage of the pre-saved statements to inquire inquiry and remind pupils to remain focused on relevant subject. Potential job of ICCS As the treatment flow is extremely depended to the teacher, it will impact the smoothness of the treatment and do it uneffective. As the treatment stuff is censored by the teacher, the quality of the treatment will extremely depends on the quality of the teacher The less attending paid by the scholar as they can trust on the instructor remark or direction. The work load of the teacher will be increased as at that place may hold many treatment groups in a category. Mediated confabs The mediated confab ( Hugo, Pimentel, & A ; Lucena, 2006 ) was designed to avoid â€Å" Message Overload † . Harmonizing to the writers, message overload refers to many messages from the participants are being show at one time. Mediated chat uses the computing machine mediated channel to work out the job. In mediated confab, the pupil message will first direct to the confab waiter and waiting line. The confab waiter will roll up all the messages and print them to the duologue window one by one. The pupil are able to see a queue list in the window, they are able to see their topographic point in the waiting line. If their thought are posted by the pupil in the precedence topographic point in the waiting line, the pupil are able to cancel their submit message and compose a new one to direct to the confab waiter. Potential job of Mediated Chat The system can work out the message overload job is a reasonably effectual manner, nevertheless for the job of easing the effectivity of the treatment. There are some possible jobs in it: With this method it can take down the load of the teacher but there are no AIDSs to assist pupil to believe critically since they are without the aid of the teacher. As the treatment flow is extremely dependent on the confab waiter, there are no manner the quiz or alter the topographic point of the waiting line. CSCL environment for â€Å" Six Thinking chapeaus † Discussion Tamura, & A ; Shuichi ( 2007 )[ four ]proposed a scenario-based asynchronous treatment environment by utilizing the six believing hat theoretical account. In which, the pupil are put on a specific chapeau wholly and lend thought for this coloured chapeau. After the first hat session, a facilitator will travel the whole group to the group reappraisal subdivision ( illustrated in figure5 ) and it will further travel to other hat subdivision onward. For the â€Å" Group reappraisal † , each pupil will knock other scholars ‘ statement, and there is a facilitator to command the critic. Fig5 Scenario-based Process of Discussion The ground of the precedence of the chapeau colour: Red & gt ; While & gt ; Green & gt ; Yellow & gt ; Black and Blue is because: Red Hat: Emotion chapeau, it is easy for the scholar to province his personal sentiment even they are non familiar with the six believing hat method. White Hat: The chapeau of fact, It provided the pupil cardinal information to discourse. Green hat & gt ; Yellow hat & gt ; Black chapeau: These chapeaus used to lend thoughts and standing point to the treatment, it is a good manner to set it after the emotion chapeau and the chapeau of fact. Blue chapeau: Using bluish hat as a summarized chapeau. It is the best manner to set it at last. The sum-up of the â€Å" Six Thinking chapeaus † Discussion The treatment tool utilizes the six believing chapeaus theoretical account, in which, it provided a platform for parallel thought. And therefore it fulfilled the five advantages we suggested in the last subdivision. The chapeau sequence is logical. Which make the ruddy chapeau at the first, white chapeau follows and the blue chapeau at the terminal. Tamura, & A ; Shuichi ( 2006 ) have examined their theoretical account uses questionnaire, they found this system can lend to the assorted point of view for a given subject and supply the relaxation to sum up. There are some points we can take from this system: It is a good manner to allow the pupil to lend thought wholly ( all pupil contribute to a hat one by one ) at the really get downing. It can coerce to student to believe in different way at least one time. But we believe that it is better to lodge one pupil a peculiar function after the first rhythm. It is because the group may be ignored some minor thought during the ulterior treatment ( e.g. feeling ) . If we stick a pupil to a peculiar function after the first rhythm. The job will be fixed. ( Details flow will be explained in following chapter ) The system should enable some characteristics to ease the pupil to summarized thoughts. Meanwhile, it is besides a of import point to enable characteristic to ease pupil to take up their specific function.Discussion methodStructured Academic Controversyhypertext transfer protocol: //www.lawanddemocracy.org/discussionsac.html â€Å" ControversyA exists when one individual ‘s thoughts, information, decisions, theories, and sentiments are incompatible with those of another, and the two seek to make an understanding † ( Johnson & A ; Johnson, 1995 ) SAC is a learning attack that encourages pupil to take one side at one time and dispute with the other side, pupil will foremost divided in two squads, and they are traveling to reason a subject alternately, they are traveling to reason the subject BOTH sides of a controversial issue and finally achieved the understanding on the issue. Structured Academic Controversy is a learning attack that encourages pupils to take on and argue for, alternately, BOTH sides of a controversial issue and finally come up with a balanced sentiment about that issue. Students work in braces to go familiar with one side of an issue, and so argument with another brace who has become familiar with the opposing side. Pairs so exchange â€Å" sides, † become familiar with the opposing statement, and argument once more. Finally, the two braces come together to discourse the strengths and failing of each side of the statement, come to a consensus about their corporate sentiment about the statement, and present that thought to the other quads. This learning attack encourages pupils to see all sides of an issue every bit before explicating a concluding sentiment. Philosophic Chairs Discussion Six Thinking Hats Model

Business Ethics Essay - 2406 Words

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